The effects of arranged marriages on women in India Research Paper

The impacts of masterminded relationships on ladies in India - Research Paper Example Husband’s or in-laws’ desires when not met in such manner frequently bring about an endless encounter of physical and mental maltreatment for ladies. Notwithstanding that, inability to give endowment likewise prompts postponed relationships which is additionally another social disgrace experienced by Indian ladies. Where marriage gives a chance to a couple for fulfilling their social, libidinal and passionate necessities, absence of understanding, outrageous contrasts in sentiments and failure to bargain regularly brings about conjugal issues. Since ladies invest more energy in residential settings, pace of melancholy and other mental issues is increasingly famous in them because of absence of outlet of negative feelings. The circumstance will in general be increasingly hard for taught people who are constant of having individual freedom before marriage. Sexual experiences with obscure accomplices subsequent to wedding likewise will in general be a stigmatic encounter f or Indian ladies which can influence their methodology towards men on long haul premise. Nonappearance of long haul supporting or general ability of future husband’s nature, additional contribution of parents in law in choices of couples and giving up one’s needs reluctant for example profession and training, can be triggers that may influence conjugal life if there should be an occurrence of organized relationships. Organized marriage framework likewise gives more strength to men over their spouses which further jeopardize government assistance of ladies because of very establishment of this social framework. Looking at focal points and burdens of masterminded relationships in India, it is critical to recognize if bad marks of organized relationships for Indian ladies exceed benefits offered by this social wonder. 2. Focal points of Arranged Marriages Matchmaking in Indian culture is a typical social capacity performed by seniors, more distant family and companions an d is considered as a wellspring of references for securing qualified single guy or unhitched female for girls and children of the family. With contributions of older folks and predominant family figures in this inquiry, the resultant is a social, monetary, strict and social similarity between two families which is normal between companions also. This is exactly the motivation behind why some non-occupant Indian families likewise will in general look for accomplices for their children and girls from India (Kalpagam 207). It is additionally imperative to take note of that separation rates are relied upon to be lower in organized relationships because of essence of outsiders and social help gave by relatives to compromise among a spouse and husband (Bentley n.p; ‘Arranged/Forced’ n.p). Besides, separate is considered as shame in Indian culture particularly for ladies in this manner masterminded relationships offer more help against couples’ divorces which likewise s pares their social height in Indian culture. Likewise, solid family ties are a vital piece of Asian and other ethnic societies for example Indian, Chinese, Greek and Latina. Notwithstanding that, disregarding character contrasts, couples of masterminded relationships are generally less impacted by ecological variables for example money related or social strength of one accomplice over other since they have been now thought of, and disunity with other relatives hampering adequacy of conjugal life. Finally, organized relationships started with little desires since nature of accomplice is normally obscure for man and lady. Hence, they are bound to endure contrasts among them when contrasted with adoration relationships that may have

Free Essays on The Great Depression

Before going into the subject of The Great Depression I might want to talk bit about cash, the term cash fundamentally has two unique kinds of significance. We frequently discuss somebody â€Å"making money,† when we truly imply that the person is getting a pay. Cash is a term alluding to a progression of pay or receipts every week. In many cases we likewise discuss somebody having cash in either their pocket, safe-store box or on a bank account. Under these conditions, cash alludes to an advantage, just as a thing on a benefit and misfortune proclamation. (Cash Mischief, pg 8) The late 1920’s were a time of monetary blast. New houses and lofts were made, and the nation’s capital extended. Toward the start of 1929, the joblessness rate was at a low 3.2 percent. Yet, as that exciting year unfurled, expanding indications of monetary shortcoming started to show up. Joblessness went up to 25 percent and the Real Gross Development Product (GDP) declined at 29 percent. (Macroeconomics, pg 376) Preceding the financial exchange crash, the country was savoring a condition of celebration. Certainty levels were raised and the securities exchange was up. Everyone appeared to make a fortune by hypothesizing in the securities exchange. Among August and September 1929, practically 1.1 billion exchanges were made (NEEDS CITATION). In any case, in reality, the vast majority in the nation didn't have the additional cash to put resources into the market. Those not many that invested expanded their purchasing influence by acquiring cash (The Great Depression pg 31). Be that as it may, as banks and organizations responded to reduce expenses or opted for non-payment, joblessness rose at a disturbing rate. Help associations were immediately overpowered and joblessness workplaces were overwhelmed with candidates. Meridel Le Sueur was a youthful author who composed an article about what it resembled for ladies looking for work in a business office. She depicts the disappointment and embarras sment of pleased individuals standing by the entire day for occupations t... Free Essays on The Great Depression Free Essays on The Great Depression The taking off securities exchange turned into an image of success, appearing to imply the limit of the American economy for creation of riches. In spite of the fact that constrained by today’s principles, the quantity of Americans brought into the financial exchange developed rapidly and was far more prominent by the late 1920’s than at any other time. Along these lines, when the accident came, it stunningly affected the certainty of customers and financial specialists. This declined the financial downturn, which turned out to be progressively noticeable in the months after the breakdown of the market. Counterparts in reality would in general accuse the downturn for the most part for the market crash, however here they overstated. (Himmelberg, 7) The securities exchange crash flagged the conclusion to a period. It discharged out the reserve funds and certainty of numerous Americans, however only it didn't clarify the disappointment of the American economy. The economy really crested during the second quarter of 1929, a long time before the accident, and the reasons why the economy turned down so tragically for a long time in succession once the decay started work out in a good way past the business sectors impact. (Himmelberg, 7) The downturn of 1929 turning into an extreme wretchedness, not to mention the start of 10 years significant stretch of monetary decrease and stagnation, was not quickly obvious or even envisioned by the direst Cassandras of 1929. (Himmelberg, 8) The latest misery, after World War I, had been profound however brief. The deduction from 1929 through quite a bit of 1930 was that this downturn also would be brief, and to be appreciative that the descending pattern of the economy was a great deal more moderate than it had been during the past scene of melancholy. (Himmelberg, 8) There additionally had built up a profoundly engrained conviction, particularly in business circles, that the cutting edge economy, with its tremendous creation and utilization of so incredible an assortment and volume of buyer merchandise, had become for all intents and purposes gloom evidence. (Himmelberg, 8) Joblessness rose consistently all through 1930; customer spending and p... Free Essays on The Great Depression The incredible sorrow, the most disastrouseconomic occasion in United States History, happened in 1929 following 10 years oflavish and cheerful living in America. Its cure turned into a progression of federalprograms established by Franklin Delano Roosevelt called the New Deal. In spite of the fact that most Americans know about the Great Depression of 1929, which likely could be the most difficult issue confronting our free endeavor financial framework, barely any know about the numerous Americans who lost their homes, life investment funds and employments. This paper quickly expresses the reasons for the downturn and sums up the huge issues Americans looked during the eleven years of its range. This paper principally centers around what life resembled for ranchers during the hour of the Depression, as depicted in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, and determines what the legislature did to end the Depression. In the 1920's, after World War 1, peril signals were evident that an extraordinary Depression was coming. A significant reason for the Depression was that the compensation of laborers didn't increment by any means. Along these lines, they couldn't bear the cost of made products. While the production lines were all the while fabricating merchandise, Americans couldn't bear the cost of them and the manufacturing plants brought in no cash. Another significant reason identified with ranchers. Ranchers weren't doing to well since they were delivering a larger number of harvests and homestead items than could be sold at significant expenses. Hence, they made a little benefit. This deficient benefit wouldn't permit the ranchers to buy new apparatus and due to this they couldn't deliver products sufficiently snappy. Another arrangement was made called the portion plan. This arrangement was set up in light of the fact that numerous Americans needed more cash to purchase products and enterprises that were required or needed. The portion plan expressed that individuals could purchase items using a credit card and make regularly scheduled installments. The one significant issue with this thought was that individuals before long discovered that they couldn't stand to make the ... Free Essays on The Great Depression Before going into the subject of The Great Depression I might want to talk bit about cash, the term cash fundamentally has two distinct sorts of importance. We regularly talk about somebody â€Å"making money,† when we truly imply that the person is getting a pay. Cash is a term alluding to a progression of salary or receipts every week. Frequently we additionally talk about somebody having cash in either their pocket, safe-store box or on an investment account. Under these conditions, cash alludes to an advantage, just as a thing on a benefit and misfortune proclamation. (Cash Mischief, pg 8) The late 1920’s were a time of financial blast. New houses and lofts were made, and the nation’s capital extended. Toward the start of 1929, the joblessness rate was at a low 3.2 percent. In any case, as that momentous year unfurled, expanding indications of monetary shortcoming started to show up. Joblessness went up to 25 percent and the Real Gross Development Product (GDP) declined at 29 percent. (Macroeconomics, pg 376) Before the financial exchange crash, the country was savoring a condition of celebration. Certainty levels were raised and the securities exchange was up. Everyone appeared to make a fortune by theorizing in the securities exchange. Among August and September 1929, practically 1.1 billion exchanges were made (NEEDS CITATION). However, in reality, a great many people in the nation didn't have the additional cash to put resources into the market. Those not many that invested expanded their purchasing influence by obtaining cash (The Great Depression pg 31). Be that as it may, as banks and organizations responded to reduce expenses or opted for non-payment, joblessness rose at a disturbing rate. Help associations were immediately overpowered and joblessness workplaces were overwhelmed with candidates. Meridel Le Sueur was a youthful author who composed an article about what it resembled for ladies looking for work in a business office. She depicts the disappointment and mortification of glad individuals standing by the entire day for occupations t... Free Essays on The Great Depression The Great Depression Despite the fact that most Americans know about the Great Depression of 1929, which likely could be the most major issue confronting our free endeavor monetary framework, hardly any know about the numerous Americans who lost their homes, life reserve funds and employments. This paper quickly expresses the reasons for the discouragement and sums up the immense issues Americans looked during the eleven years of its range. This paper fundamentally centers around what life resembled for ranchers during the hour of the Depression, as depicted in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, and determines what the legislature did to end the Depression. In the 1920's, after World War 1, peril signals were evident that an incredible Depression was coming. A significant reason for the Depression was that the compensation of laborers didn't increment by any stretch of the imagination. Along these lines, they couldn't manage the cost of made merchandise. While the processing plants were as yet fabricating merchandise, Americans couldn't manage the cost of them and the production lines brought in no cash (Drewry and O'connor 559). Another significant reason identified with ranchers. Ranchers weren't doing to well since they were creating a bigger number of harvests and ranch items than could be sold at significant expenses. In this way, they made a little benefit. This inadequate benefit wouldn't permit the ranchers to buy new hardware and in view of this they couldn't deliver merchandise sufficiently fast (Drewry and O'connor 559). Another arrangement was made called the portion plan. This arrangement was built up on the grounds that numerous Americans needed more cash to purchase products and enterprises that were required or needed. The portion plan expressed that individuals could purchase items using a credit card and make month to month installments. The one significant issue with this thought was that individuals soon discovered that they couldn't bear to make the regularly scheduled paym

A Foodies Guide to Columbia Universitys Food Scene COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A Foodies Guide to Columbia Universitys Food Scene COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog One of the greatest things about Columbia’s campus is that it is essentially a foodie’s paradise. There’s several different cuisines nearby, from Ethiopian to Mexican and from mass-produced burgers with fries to locally-sourced vegan friendly meals. Columbia offers a smörgåsbord of food options. Massawa (121st and Amsterdam) Massawa is an Ethiopian and Eritrean restaurant boasting flavorful and shareable meals, all scooped up with a handful of injera, a sour bread served with all meals. The restaurant holds an impressive menu with several types of meats and vegetables. Meals can be vegetarian friendly also. It’s also a perfect place for a date for those planning. The quiet, dim-lit environment sets a romantic, conversational mood perfect for a first-date or a long-term couple. Meals range from $15-$25 per person including tip. Shake Shack (116th and Broadway) You might have heard of Shake Shack if you’re from the Northeast, but for those who don’t know, it’s a franchise burger that rivals the well-known West Coast chain In-n-Out Burgers and the broader burger chain Five Guys Burgers. However, Shake Shack is more than just burgers. They’re also known for their concretes, an ice cream concoction with a few different toppings and flavors mixed in. Shake Shack is often a filled with students looking for a quick bite between classes. A meal costs about $10-$15 dollars, no tip required. View this post on Instagram Swipe through for ??????. (P.S. Our limited-time Salted Vanilla Toffee shake + Chick’n Bites are must-tries…) #shakeshack A post shared by SHAKE SHACK (@shakeshack) on Mar 3, 2019 at 4:39pm PST Community (Between 112th and 113th on Broadway) With an American-eclectic menu that features seasonal, local, organic food whenever possible, Community is a popular place for those who are food conscious. While the restaurant isn’t just for vegetarians, almost all of their meals can be made for vegetarians by request. One of their most popular items on their breakfast menu are their blueberry pancakes, a must-try for all newcomers. It’s also a great place for a Sunday brunch so bring your friends and enjoy a meal on their patio. Average meals range from $13-$20 without tip. Jin Ramen (Broadway and Tiemann Place) This is not your microwavable ramen. Though a little bit of a walk from campus, Jim Ramen is one of the Columbia community’s most popular restaurants, boasting several types of ramen noodle bowls. Also a great place for a date because nothing is cuter than watching your boo slurp up noodles. For meals, you can go classic with a soy sauce ramen or go different with a green coconut thai curry ramen bowl. Either way, you’ll love what you’re eating. Meals are around $12 $18. Strokos (114th and Amsterdam) If you’re looking for something quick and pretty cheap, Strokos is the way to go. It’s a gourmet deli serving dozens upon dozens of options, from pizza to salad to sandwiches to chicken and vegetables. The place also has enough room there for studying so you’ll usually find several students eating with their laptops. Stop by Strokos and get a meal for usually under $10. Oaxaca Taqueria (Between 122nd and 123rd on Amsterdam) As a lover of tacos, I must say Oaxaca Taqueria does an amazing job at making the signature Mexican meal. You can get three tacos for around $10 and they have a little under a dozen of different styles of tacos. My favorites are the classic carnitas tacos and the savory Korean taco. It’s a casual place so you can either eat there or take it to go. Either way, you won’t regret it.

Child Abuse And Its Effects On Children - 1488 Words

In addressing child abuse we are confronted with a series of problems. On the one hand, there is a lack of the true extent of the phenomenon because no data are available and that the issue, often refers to the most intimate spaces of family life. Furthermore, cultural and historical traditions affect the way each society faces this problem. Finally, there are varying opinions as to its definition and classification, as well as the consequences of child abuse may have and its subsequent therapeutic management. The definition of abuse should also take into account at least three criteria: first, consideration of an act or omission as abuse depends, in most cases, the age of the child; secondly, the psycho-physiological condition of†¦show more content†¦Also other organizations against child abuse as the New York Society for the Reform of juvenile offenders in 1825, whose purpose was to help abused and neglected children by their parents or relatives arose. Years later it was founded in the state of New York the Society for Prevention of Cruelty of Children which emerged as a source of inspiration to develop other organizations against child abuse in the United States and Europe. Although, according to the text, in 1874 was the first time a case involving abuse or child abuse when earned less than nine years native of New York was subjected to physical abuse. A charity worker helped the creature and herself went to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty animals where the worker, caseworker of the child stated: the least deserve as much protection as a common dog and with these testimonies they could win the case. However, it is considered that, in general, the criteria to judge a situation as abuse must be based on the consequences for the child, both damage and unmet needs of this. This is defined as the abuse and neglect that are under the age 18, and includes all types of physical or psychological abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, negligence and commercial exploitation or otherwise causing or likely to cause harm to health, development or dignity of the child. Typical indicators of

The Importance of Entrepreneurship Essay - 1180 Words

Entrepreneurship Term Paper â€Å"Entrepreneur is defined as a person who starts a business and is willing to risk loss in order to make money.† (Merriam-Webster.com) Since before the Great Recession, economists have recognized how important entrepreneurship is to the health of the U.S. economy. (Strangler) â€Å"There are four benefits to the U.S. from entrepreneurs risk-filled but successful efforts. Entrepreneurs (1) use innovations to improve the quality of life, (2) create new jobs, (3) improve our position in global economic competition, and (4) create economic growth and new wealth for reinvestment in the U.S.† (Foundation) Entrepreneurs are responsible for research and development system. â€Å"Almost 2/3% of all innovations are due†¦show more content†¦Small Buisiness Administration) If you are a strong negotiator then you have a better chance at saving money and running your business. If you do not have good negotiating skills you may want to work on improving these skills †¢ Creative: â€Å"Entrepreneurs must be able to think creatively.† (The U.S. Small Buisiness Administration) If you are able to think â€Å"outside the box† then entrepreneurship may be a choice for you. †¢ Supported by others: Entrepreneurs need the support of other people. Networking is extremely critical in a business. Business mentors are a perfect go-to person for entrepreneurs. (The U.S. Small Buisiness Administration) The name of my business is Sunny Cycle. Sunny Cycle is an online store selling motorcycle helmets, sunglasses, face masks, goggles Zippo lighters, hunting equipment such as knives and flashlights. Products should be easy and inexpensive to ship to keep cost down. An online store would be a great choice for a small business. Online stores are perfect for business owners that do not have a lot of startup capital and do not want to form a Corporation. While building the business the use of drop shipping will be used. As the business takes off and I gain more capital and after knowing which products sell. I would then start contacting wholesalers to purchaseShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Entrepreneurship746 Words   |  3 PagesCustomers always are interested in new things created, therefore, entrepreneurs help satisfy these desires. Entrepreneurship involves the creation of new enterprise along with manufacturing and marketing the new products (Paul Di-Masi). Entrepreneurs are not just interested in money, being an entrepreneur is about creating something original and new.something that someone else did not do before. To be a successful entrepreneur, one needs a rigorous education and persuasive people skills. The flexibleRead MoreNature And Importance Of Entrepreneurship Essay2371 Words   |  10 PagesSection 03 -Entrepreneurship process 1. Nature and importance of entrepreneurship in New Zealand Entrepreneurship is a capacity and willingness to develop organize and manage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit (Copyright ©2016 WebFinance, Inc, 2016). It is all about defining business opportunities which are realistic. It is a concept of opportunity focused, innovative and growth oriented. For each and every country entrepreneur are essential for the developmentRead MoreThe Nature And Importance Of Innovation Entrepreneurship3458 Words   |  14 PagesIn entrepreneurship development to compete swiftly in the modern and industrial generation we are in now, there must be changes that the entrepreneurs must keep on administering in their businesses and skills to remain relevant in the competitions. The changes can be summed up as innovation in the entrepreneurship area, and are fast moving that every entrepreneur must be very flexible to keep on track at every point of changes, either locally or globally (Acs, Audretsch, 2005). Most of the s ignificantRead MoreImportance Of Entrepreneurship During The 21st Century Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pages IMPORTANCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP In the last two decades, the citizen sector has discovered what the industry learned long ago: Nothing is as powerful as a new idea in the hands of a first-class businessman. Social entrepreneurs are individuals with innovative solutions to the most pressing social problems of the solutions of the company. They are ambitious and persistent, tackling major social issues and offering new ideas for big changes. 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I however believe it should at least be taught, if only to provide our youth with another optionRead MoreThe Importance of Entrepreneurship and Small Business in a Worldwide Context1430 Words   |  6 PagesEntrepreneurship Report List of contents: 1 Introduction 2 Definition of enterprise, entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship 3 Skills, attributes and behaviours of entrepreneurs 4 The importance of enterprise, entrepreneurship and small business in the context of the wider economy as well as the individual or team. 5 Stages necessary to evaluate a new business idea 7 Summary and recommendations 8 List of references Introduction This essay is about entrepreneurshipRead MoreRelationship Between Entrepreneurship And The Economic Development Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesthe relationship between entrepreneurship and the economic development in Saudi Arabia. Entrepreneurship is the process of managing, organizing and developing a business venture in a competitive environment that is dynamic (Kuratko 2016 pp3). An entrepreneur is an inventor, leader, innovator, and pioneer and most significantly, a performer. The heart of a national advantage is often pegged on entrepreneurship. The operation of an enterprise is within the entrepreneurship ecosystems that include governmentalRead MoreIs Entrepreneurship A Entrepreneurial Career? Essay1750 Words   |  7 PagesWith the growing importance of entrepreneurship within today’s business industry it is of upmost importance to understand the motivations and intentions of individuals wanting to pursue an entrepreneurial career as this now accounts for X of the p opulation and X% of income. Its apparent from the literature that â€Å"significant differences exist in the levels of entrepreneurial activity across countries† (Pinillo Reyes, 2011) and existing research addresses the question as to why some countries haveRead MoreEntrepreneurship : The Entrepreneurial Function1623 Words   |  7 Pageshave differing ideas on the relative value of resources or when resources are turned from inputs into outputs. The theory of the entrepreneur focuses on the heterogeneity of beliefs about the value of resources (Alvarez and Busenitz, 2001: 756). Entrepreneurship – the entrepreneurial function, can be conceptualized as the discovery of opportunities and the subsequent creation of new economic activity, as a majority or active shareholder who, in many small and medium–sized firms, assumes both the entrepreneurialRead MoreThe International Business Field And The Entrepreneurship Field940 Words   |  4 Pagessmall and medium siz e businesses. There are studies that think of international entrepreneurship as more of a common marvel than young ventures entering international markets and slight interest is dedicated to the entrepreneurial behavior of organizations once they first enter into international markets. There is an inequality among the international business field and the entrepreneurship field, because of findings that exploit a theoretic outline, many use an outline

Ancient Rome and Bravery Free Essays

BRAVERY what is the first thing that comes to mind when the word bravery is said? For most people a war hero or a superhero comes into their minds. Probably every language has a word for bravery, but there is only one true meaning. The word bravery is â€Å"showing a brave spirit or courage†(Random, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Rome and Bravery or any similar topic only for you Order Now 164) when hard times are thrust upon or happen to them. Bravery is not only what people do, but how they do it. The concept is also â€Å"showiness, splendor, and magnificence†(Random, p. 164). Bravery may be shown in different ways: a person may jump from a plane or walk on fire to show that he/she is truly brave. Then again, sometimes bravery is something that a person has inside him or her and is never shown as an action at all. For thousands of years, people have used words that describe the concept of bravery. The history, or etymology, of the English word bravery is as follows. The word originated in Latin as barbarous. The Romans who spoke Latin were warriors so it is logical they would have a word that talked about their courageous actions. The Vulgar Latin, which was spoken Latin, was transformed by Middle French in the middle Ages as well as by Middle English. This form of English was what was spoken in the 12th to 15thcenturies. From the Middle English evolved the English we speak today and with it, the word bravery. Throughout history, people have talked about the concept of bravery in many ways. The Greek writer and philosopher Euripides said, â€Å"The man who knows when not to act is wise. To my mind, bravery is forethought† (Euripides, p. 11). In the Middle Ages, George II of England said that â€Å"bravery never goes out of fashion† (George, p. 261). Later, Francoise de la Rockefoucould said, â€Å"True bravery is shown by performing without witness what one might be capable How to cite Ancient Rome and Bravery, Papers

Navy Core Values Essay Example

Navy Core Values Paper Moralityust always abide by an uncompromising code of integrity, taking responsibility for our actions and keeping our word. We shall earn respect up and down the chain of command. Be honest and truthful in our dealings with each other, and with those outside the Navy. Accordingly, we shall conduct ourselves in the highest ethical manner in all relationships with peers, superiors and subordinates. Commitment is the day-to-day duty of every man and woman in the United States Navy to come together as a team to improve the quality of our work, our people and ourselves. Courage allows us to meet all challenges while adhering to a higher standard of personal conduct and decency Make decisions in the best interest of the Navy and the nation, without regard to personal consequences. We are always expected to do the right thing. Courage is the value that gives us the strength, both morally and mentally to do the right thing even in the face of adversity or temptation. When we say we will support and defend, we are promising to meet the demands of our profession and the mission when it is hazardous, demanding or otherwise difficult. From the very beginning of naval service, certain key principles or core values have carried on to today. They consist of three basic principles, HONOR, COURAGE AND COMMITMENT. Those three words are the backbone of every man and woman, officer or enlisted who has served or is serving in the United States Navy. Values are defined as ideals, beliefs, customs, or principles that a person holds dear. Values are learned and picked up throughout our lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Navy Core Values specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Navy Core Values specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Navy Core Values specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We learn values from our family, friends, church, school, community, and country. Our values that we have learned throughout life will affect our attitudes and behavior in all that we do. Be loyal to our nation, ensuring the resources entrusted to us are used in an honest, careful and efficient way. Members of the United States Navy have stood ready to protect our nation and our freedom for well over two hundred years. We must be faithful to our Core Values of Honor, Courage and Commitment as our abiding duty and privilege.

Atomic Mass Unit Definition (AMU)

Atomic Mass Unit Definition (AMU) In chemistry, an atomic mass unit or AMUÂ  is a physical constant equal to one-twelfth of the mass of an unbound atom of carbon-12. It is a unit of mass used to express atomic masses and molecular masses. When the mass is expressed in AMU, it roughly reflects the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus (electrons have so much less mass that they are assumed to have a negligible effect). The symbol for the unit is u (unified atomic mass unit) or Da (Dalton), although AMUÂ  may still be used. 1 u 1 Da 1 amu (in modern usage) 1 g/mol Also Known As:Â  unified atomic mass unit (u), Dalton (Da), universal mass unit, either amu or AMU is an acceptable acronym for atomic mass unit The unified atomic mass unit is a physical constant that is accepted for use in the SI measurement system. It replaces the atomic mass unit (without the unified part) and is the mass of one nucleon (either a proton or a neutron) of a neutral carbon-12 atom in its ground state. Technically, the amu is the unit that was based on oxygen-16 until 1961, when it was redefined based on carbon-12. Today, people use the phrase atomic mass unit, but what they mean is unified atomic mass unit. One unified atomic mass unit is equal to: 1.66 yoctograms1.66053904020 x 10-27 kg1.66053904020 x 10-24 g931.49409511 MeV/c21822.8839 me History of the Atomic Mass Unit John Dalton first suggested a means of expressing relative atomic mass in 1803. He proposed the use of hydrogen-1 (protium). Wilhelm Ostwald suggested that relative atomic mass would be better if expressed in terms of 1/16th the mass of oxygen. When the existence of isotopes was discovered in 1912 and isotopic oxygen in 1929, the definition based on oxygen became confusing. Some scientists used an AMU based on the natural abundance of oxygen, while others used an AMU based on the oxygen-16 isotope. So, in 1961 the decision was made to use carbon-12 as the basis for the unit (to avoid any confusion with an oxygen-defined unit). The new unit was given the symbol u to replace amu, plus some scientists called the new unit a Dalton. However, u and Da were not universally adopted. Many scientists kept using the amu, just recognizing it was now based on carbon rather than oxygen. At present, values expressed in u, AMU, amu, and Da all describe the exact same measure. Examples of Values Expressed in Atomic Mass Units A hydrogen-1 atom has a mass of 1.007 u (or Da or amu).A carbon-12 atom is defined as having a mass of 12 u.The largest known protein, titin, has a mass of 3 x 106 Da.AMU is used to differentiate between isotopes. An atom of U-235, for example, has a lower AMU than one of U-238, since they differ by the number of neutrons in the atom.

Where to Find Specific Types of Rocks and Minerals

Where to Find Specific Types of Rocks and Minerals Rocks and minerals are all around us. You can pretty much find interesting specimens in almost any natural environment but you have to know where to look and what to look for. If youre new to geology, there is no substitute for examining as many different rocks as possible to familiarize yourself with whats out there. This guide will give you a good idea of some of the best places to get started. Hunting Rocks: Beaches and Riverbeds Whether youre a kid or a grownup, one of the best hunting grounds for rocks is a beach. Ocean beaches boast a wide variety of specimens and since theyre spread out across large areas and renewed with every tide, youre pretty much assured of finding something interesting. Beaches are beginner-friendly. Just bring along some sunscreen, water, something to put your finds in, and youre basically good to go. Beach rocks tend to be of the harder rock varieties (igneous and metamorphic). They get a good grinding in the surf zone, so they tend to be fairly clean and smooth. However, since its not always possible to pinpoint their source of origin, beach rocks are known by geology fanciers as stones without context. A stone on the beach may have fallen from cliffs along the shore or have broken off of a submerged underwater outcrop; it may have even traveled downstream in a river from a great distance inland. River rocks are much more likely to originate near the riverbed and banks. River rocks tend to include more of the softer rock types, and the farther upstream you can go, the truer this is. If you plan to hunt river rocks, be sure to wear sturdy footwear and make sure youre not trespassing. Bedrock: Exposures and Outcrops While beaches and rivers are good places for beginners to launch their education in rock collecting, for a  more serious study of rocks, youll need to find exposed bedrock. Bedrock- or living rock- is an  intact formation that has not been broken away from its original body. A place of any kind where bedrock is lying out in the open ready for your hammer is called an exposure; a naturally occurring exposure is called an outcrop. Outcrops may be found at the beach or along a river bank. In fact, in many geographic regions, these are the only places to find them. For more, youll need to visit the hills or the mountains. If you take manmade sites into account, exposures are quite common. Building sites with their excavations are plentiful all over the country. Mines and quarries offer excellent exposures as well, and they have the advantage of being more permanent than excavation sites. The best bedrock exposures are generally found in road cuts, and amateurs and professionals alike rely on them heavily for their best finds. In civil engineering jargon, a cut or cutting  is the area from which soil and rock are removed to facilitate the building of a road. Road cuts have many good features: Theyre clean, especially when newTheyre easy to visit, alone or in a groupIf theyre on public property, hammering is generally not forbiddenThey expose rocks well, even soft rocksThey expose rocks in their context, including features and structures not visible in a hand specimen Hunting Minerals Minerals can generally be found wherever rocks are found. Thats a good starting point, but a mineral hunter needs to know more geology than the rock hunter. For instance, the mineral grains in rocks such as shale or basalt are too small to be viewed with a magnifier but even these rocks offer possibilities to those who know where to look and what to look for. Minerals grow in several main settings: Primary minerals form during the solidification of a melt.Evaporitic minerals form by precipitation out of concentrated solutions.Diagenetic minerals form at low and moderate temperatures during the consolidation of rock from sediment.Vein minerals form during injection of deep hot fluids.Metamorphic minerals form in solid rocks under prolonged heat and pressure. If you can recognize the signs of these settings, you can expect to find the typical minerals they give rise to. Even a plain-looking mudstone may have zones of alteration or contain veins or partings that reveal mineral nodules that formed during diagenesis. Rock Hunting Etiquette Unfortunately, many of the best places for rock and mineral hunting are on private property or in protected parks. Although many beaches are public parks, where collecting is prohibited, no one is likely to prosecute you for discreetly picking up a few pebbles- but use discretion. Road cuts are off limits wherever parking is not permitted, such as along a freeway. Railways are private property and should be avoided. Likewise, when visiting road cuts in a park- whether national or local- you should generally leave your hammer in the car. Most federal public lands, such as national forests, can be explored freely by amateurs, however, its forbidden for anyone to deface or remove any natural features- this includes rocks, and this includes you. For all other areas, the best rule of thumb is to leave the rocks looking no worse than you found them. Most excavation sites and rock quarries are on private property so youll need to get the owners permission before you start your collecting expedition. Due to liabilities, fear of property damage, and other concerns, the person who owns your hunting ground may have more reasons to say no than yes. Experienced, organized groups generally have the best shot at gaining admittance to private property, so if youre really serious, you might want to think about joining a club.

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing plan - Essay Example Akin to olive oil in terms of function, tea seed oil is very effective for hair care. Not only does it strengthen hair and protect it from damage, it also provides moisture to the hair. Shiseido now intends to sell Tsubaki in Australia as it sees tremendous potential for that product in that market. Competitive Landscape in Australia Procter & Gamble Australia Pty Ltd, Unilever Australia Ltd, L'Oreal Australia Pty Ltd, Hans Schwarzkopf & Henkel GmbH & Co KG, Colgate-Palmolive Pty Ltd and Alberto-Culver Pty Ltd. In addition to these there are many other, domestic as well as international players, vying for a chunk of the shampoo market in the country. Demographic Environment The total population of Australia stood at 22 million in 2010. The gender-wise break-up of the Australian population is depicted in table below: Population (Gender Wise)    2010 2020    in '000 % in '000 % Male 10998 49.76 12591 49.86 Female 11102 50.24 12663 50.14 Total 22100 100 25254 100 Source: Euromonitor International The table shows that the male female population is almost equal and is likely to remain so by 2020. The ethnic composition of the country includes 92 percent Whites, 7 percent Asians and 1 percent Aboriginal and others (Euromonitor 2011). Thus females of Asian origin residing in Australia are approx .7 million. The Tsubaki shampoo would be targeted at this section of the society. It is imperative that the age-wise break up of the female population is considered while developing/modifying the product for the Australian market.    Female Population Age-Wise ('000) Age 2009 2010 2015 (E) 2020 (E) % Growth 0-14 2033 2052 2173 2326 13.3 15-64 7327 7415 7763 8095 9.2 65+ 1591 1635 1925 2242 37.1 Total 10951 11102 11861 12663 15.6 Source: Euromonitor International The above table clearly demonstrates that a drastic shift in Australia‘s demographic profile is imminent as a considerable chunk of the population is set to grow old in the coming future. This growth in the number of older consumers is likely to propel the demand for products that make people feel and look younger (Data Monitor 2011). The life expectancy in the country is 81.81 years for the total population. While it is 79.40 years for men, the life expectancy for the average Australian woman is 84.35 years. Economic Environment The Australian economy has registered a steady growth in the GDP in the last few years. The economy is estimated to grow by 3.7 percent this year. The inflation rate has also been below the 3 percent mark since 2010. The unemployment rate which has been steady at a shade above 5 percent is the brightest spot. Compare this to the unemployment rates in other developed countries where the joblessness has reached double digits. Key Economic Indicators    2009 2010 2011 2012 (E) GDP Growth (%) 1.3 3 3.5 3.7 Inflation 1.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 Unemployment Rate 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.1 Source: Data Monitor 2011 Australia is primarily a middle-class society. Close to 5 million, or 6 1 percent of the households in the country had an annual disposable income of more than US $45,000 in 2009. During the same time period, 36 percent of the Australian households had an annual disposable income of more than US $75,000. At the same time, more than 95 percent of the country is above the poverty line (Data Monitor 2011). The table below depicts that the average annual gross income has steadily risen across income brackets. The growth is considerably higher than

Mobile Computing and Social Networks Term Paper

Mobile Computing and Social Networks - Term Paper Example Mobile computing and social networks have increasingly become popular around the world. There are thousands of iPhone Apps, iPad Apps, and Android Apps that have been developed to perform a myriad of tasks and processes. These applications use mobile and web-based technologies majorly in turning communication into interactive communications and dialogue(s) among organizations, individuals, and communities around the world (Hinchcliffe et al, 2012). The fact that mobile computing and social networks have witnessed exponential growth within a very short period of time compared to other communication and business tools in the history of human beings is nearly incontestable (Rainie and Wellman, 2012). This fact is evidenced by the statistics indicating that while it took about 13 years for television to attract close to 50 million viewers and approximately 38 years for radio to attract nearly 50 million listeners, internet technology only took about 4 years only for to attract over 50 mi llion participants. Social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter much shorter time; about one and a half years to attract the same number of participants (Hinchcliffe et al, 2012). Mobile computing has witnessed a more robust growth in recent years. While initially most of the mobile applications were games that were intended for playing on mobile devices, they have gained popularity as businesses ponder whether some of their business process applications running on desktop platform and the Web can be redesigned to run on mobile devices that run on desktop platforms and the Web could be redesigned to run on mobile devices (Rainie and Wellman, 2012). In order to have a better understanding of mobile computing and social networks, this paper will discuss mobile-based applications and their various aspects relating to access and processing of data. The first aspect to address is in regard to the effectiveness and efficiency mobile-based applications provide to capture geo-locat ion data and customer data, and quickly upload to a processing server without users having to use a desktop system. Presently, there are numerous smartphones and iPhones that use applications and specific processes relating to mobile devices (Kumar and Rahman, 2012). Considering the advancements that have been made in mobile computing, as well as in regard to social networks, many companies around the world are making preparation for the use of mobile-based applications using tools that can capture geo-location data and customer data. Apple iPhone and Android smartphone platforms are the most used currently for this purpose and this has seen the huge expansion of their market. Available evidence indicates that these applications have been successful in capturing geo-location data; they have been successful in tracking driving behaviors, providing unbiased feedback during driving, and measuring acceleration among others (Dye, 2011).

Pay And Reward Management In Practice Management Essay

Pay And Reward Management In Practice Management Essay Introduction Before undertaking a critical analysis of collective and individual pay systems and how these systems have been affected by key socio- economic changes in Britain over the past thirty years, it is important to first define the meaning of pay, reward/ reward management, collectivism and individualism. From here the author will consider the key socio-economic factors that have influenced the change in practice and look at the development of reward management within the context of personal development. Pay, Reward, Collectivism and Individualism Pay is used to denote the wages, salaries or fees paid by employers in return for the provision of labour. (Hollinshead, Nicholls and Tailby, 1999, p. 332) The concept of reward has developed over the last twenty five years and has evolved from the concept of basic pay. Reward management involves the analysis and effective control of employee remuneration and covers salary and all benefits. It assesses the nature and extent of rewards and the way they are delivered as well as considering their effect on both the organisation and staff. (Cornwell website, 2007) Reward management therefore is a strategic pay control system, which is central both to the organisation and to the management of Human Resources within that organisation. The term Reward Management was coined by Armstrong and Murliss in 1988 and they and other scholars support the view that: Reward management is not just about money. It is also concerned with those non financial rewards which provide intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. ( Armstrong and Murliss, 1988, p.12) Collectivism or Collective Bargaining is the process of negotiation between unions and employers regarding the  terms and conditions of employment  of employees, and about the rights and responsibilities of trade unions. It is a process of rule making, leading to joint regulation. (Eurofound website, 2007). Collective Bargaining is fundamentally a representative process, in which Trade Unions, who represent the employee, negotiate with key organisational personnel i.e. managers, who represent the organisation, in order to reach agreement on the terms and conditions of employment. According to the WERS Report 2004 Inside the Workplace, collective bargaining is most prevalent in large organisations. The term Individualist, Performance Related Pay or Contingent Pay is the standard term used to describe schemes for providing financial rewards which are related to individual performance, competence, contribution or skill. (Armstrong and Stephens, 2005, p.231) Socio Economic Considerations Before delving into the detail of collectivism and individualism, it is important to look at the socio-economic changes that have taken place over the last thirty years. The rise of Thatcherism and the focus on the personal society and the concept of market forces have played a significant part in the changes to pay and reward within the workplace. The Thatcherist doctrine of the 1980s was heavily focussed on curbing the power of the Trade Unions. This she successfully achieved, but at some cost to certain elements of society. Although, still significant players, trade unions are not now as influential as they once were. For example, According to the findings of the WERS Report 2004 Inside the Workplace, the decrease in the number of Trade Union representatives (particularly within non public sector and small work places) between 1988 and 2004, has lead to a decline in collective power. Additionally, the report noted that pay issues were far less likely to be discussed in workplace consultative committees, if a Trade Representative was not present. Again, this demonstrates a move towards a new pay orthodoxy. Margaret Thatcher viewed market forces as a means to promote healthy businesses and expose the weaker ones, seeking to create an entrepreneurial society, with a focus on individual success and performance. This has been the prevalent idea since the mid 1980s and has influenced workers expectations of reward. (BCC website, 2004) The following extract from the Guardian, gives a helpful summary of the economic changes brought about under Thatcher:- The Conservative economic revolution of the 1980s casts a long shadow. It broke the power of organised labour, deregulated the economy and opened it up to global market forces. Geoffrey Howes 1981 austerity budget of public spending cuts and tax increases pitched Britain into mass unemployment and helped destroy the last vestiges of the post war welfare consensus. In 1978 there were 7.1 million employed in manufacturing, by 2008 that had fallen to 3 million. There has been no significant private investment in the de-industrialised regions. They have still not recovered their social fabric or productive economies and are now sustained by government spending. (The Guardian website, February 2010) There are four points to highlight from this quotation:- The rise of individual entrepreneurialism The reduction in the power of the Unions The break-up of large organisations, both manufacturing and other industries (coal.) In such organisations collective pay settlements were the norm, if those people are now employed at all now, it is likely they are in smaller businesses, which tend not have collective bargaining. The change from mainly an industrial, manufacturing economy to one where the service industry dominates. Over the last thirty years, the standard of living in this country has increased significantly for middle and working class workers but as a consequence, contemporary workers have far higher expectations, with regards to pay and reward and want their efforts to be individually recognised. High performance workers demand to be recognised and rewarded and thus both social and economic pressures currently exist to support individualist pay systems. The Development of Reward Management Pay management systems in Britain have changed considerably over the last thirty years and many of these changes have occurred as a result of important external and internal influences on organisations. The author has chosen to focus on the work of Armstrong (1988) to carry out this analysis, as he is a renowned scholar in the field of pay and reward in the U.K. Old Pay Systems The Early 1980s According to Armstrong and Murliss (1998), these were:- Pay based on the national going rate negotiated centrally with the main Trade Unions White collar and managerial fine pay structures, created to assist promotion increases that did not fall within the norms of income policy, were often open to abuse and resulted out of decaying job evaluation initiatives Limited Performance Related Pay or incentive schemes for office, technical, professional or managerial staff Incremental increases on fixed service-related pay were the norm Senior management Tax- effective benefits The late Enterpreneurial 1980s According to Armstrong and Murliss (1998), the entrepreneurial 1980s witnessed dramatic changes to pay systems. During this period pays role changed from being viewed as a back office function to a key management mechanism for change during the formation of the Enterprise Culture. Pay systems became dominated by performance related pay and incentive schemes. Armstrong and Murliss (1998) argue that during this period reward managements philosophy developed important features which demonstrated many similarities to Human Resource Management philosophy, including:- Treating employees as organisational assets Earning the commitment of these employees to the organisations core values and objectives Allowing staff members to achieve their full potential and to contribute fully to organisational goal achievement The Post Entrepreneurial 1990s Many of the simplistic pay models implemented in the late 1980s failed to achieve their objectives (Armstrong and Murliss, 1998) New Pay Systems The 1990s saw the adoption of a more strategically focused pay systems, which are still operational in contemporary private and public sector organisations. Armstrong and Murliss (1998) noted that the main developments to be incorporated into new pay systems in the 1990s included:- People-based pay, with emphasis on role adaptability and a move towards generic roles and job families, which focus on continual development and competence The introduction of second/ third generation performance- related pay, which focuses on improving performance rather than merely rating it Determining the value of employee inputs and outputs in Performance management i.e. development and motivation Recognising the employees as an organisational stakeholder, who is included in processes which affect their parts of the employment relationship for example pay According to the findings CIPD Survey 2004 of Performance Management, (cited in Armstrong and Stephens, 2005), 56% of the 566 respondents had some type of Performance related Pay. Armstrong and Stephens (2005) argue that many people view Performance Related Pay as a key people motivator, however they argue that non financial rewards i.e. the work undertaken and the working environment form an important part of the whole reward package. However, according to the findings of The e-research 2004 Survey of Performance Related Pay (cited in Armstrong and Stephens, 2005) the main factors for using Performance Related Pay are:- To acknowledge and reward superior performance To appeal to and maintain excellent personnel To enhance organisational performance To concentrate efforts on strategic values and results The Decline of Collectivism According to the WERS Report 2004 and Edwards (2003) the declining influence of the trade unions led to the decline of collectivism, which the WERS Report 2004 noted occurred between 1988-2004, particularly in non public sector and private organisations. The WERS Report 2004 noted that By far the most common pay determination in 2004 was unilateral pay setting by management. (WERS Report, 2004, p.19) i.e.individualism. Collective Bargaining in the Public Sector According to the WERS Report 2004, despite the decline of collective bargaining, it is still used as a means to set pay in larger organisations for example, in public sector organisations, for example, in the public administration and Utilities Industries. Collective Bargaining in the Private Sector According to the WERS Report 2004, Collective Bargaining was virtually non- existent in private sector organisations, for example, the Hotel and Restaurant Industry. In addition, the report noted that collective bargaining has not been replaced by any other single pay determination method, however mixed methods were less used and varying methods of single pay determination were used across the workplace. (WERS Report, 2004) Evidence of the Decline of Collectivism in the U.K. The decline in the use of Collective Bargaining in the U.K., as a pay determination method, over the last thirty years, is clearly illustrated in Table 1, Appendix 1. The Rise of Individualism or Performance Related Pay Some of the key reasons for the rise of individualism in pay systems in the U.K. can be summarised as follows:- The Terms and conditions of staff are increasingly important Aspiration and expectation increasingly staff want to be rewarded for doing a good job As mentioned above the socio-economic factors decline of the trade unions Increased competitive pressures Increasingly market forces constraining employers discretion Driving change (in pay and reward) is the need to strengthen the link to business performance , cost control, support for organisational change and recruitment and retention pressures ( Wright, 2007) As we have moved away from Collectivism, the last thirty years has been dominated by change and experimentation. Basic pay, which applies to the collective is supplemented and enhanced by pay systems that seek to differentiate between individuals in some way. Inconsistencies in Individualism/ Performance Related Pay From the research undertaken, it is clear that contemporary pay systems, some of the features of which are noted in brief on page 7, are determined through collective bargaining or Individualism/ Performance Related Pay, the latter of which has given rise to organisation- based pay setting, which has led to inequalities in pay in the U.K. since 1980. (Edwards, 2003) Individualism/ Performance Related Pay does not apply across the board to all categories of staff. Of particular note is the disparity in packages between managers and workers, for example, The WERS Report 2004 recorded that 45% of managers had company cars, while only 15% of workers had company cars and 38% of managers had private health care, while only 16% of workers had private health care. Performance related pay matrices, as illustrated in Appendix 2, are often used to determine pay increases in relation to performance and pay range position ( Armstrong and Stephens, 2005) Managers need to apply these systems both equally and fairly and therefore, there will need to be some form of mediation with all senior managers to ensure o harmonisation and the implementation of quotas, as not everybody can be rated, as excellent, as it would cost the organisation too much money. Decline in Popularity of Individualism/ Performance Related Pay Performance Related Pay became popular in the late 1980s, as noted earlier on pages 5-7, however, numerous reasons have lead to a decline in its popularity , for example:- Performance Related Pay has become surrounded by complaints about inconsistencies, as noted above, and (therefore) bias Managers who carry out appraisals and administer related monitoring processes often lack the necessary training Performance Related Pay assumes that performance is totally in the hands of the individual, however performance is affected by the organisation/ environment they work in The qualifying criteria for Performance Related Pay demanding and difficult to achieve ( Armstrong and Stephens, 2005) Labour Research, September 2000, reported some significant failings of Performance Related Pay in the public sector, by citing IRS Pay and Benefits Bulletin Survey, which found for example, that 75% of public PRP schemes were too insignificant to motivate staff and that 29% of public sector organisations felt PRP was too costly. According to Wright (2007), the Approach has moved on from simply collectivism and individualism to refining thoughts about individualism, taking into account staff engagement, trust and commitment. There is a need to develop management when looking at the design of reward systems. Wright (2007) cites Milsome (2005), who noted from the Reward Management Symposium (2005) that reward practices are rarely based on evidence of what produces good organisational outcomes and what does not. (Wright, 2007, p.159) Pay and Reward Today According to the CIPD (2010) Today the notion of linking pay to a wider definition of employee contribution is gaining ground. This emphasises not only performance in the sense of output (the end result that is achieved) but also the input (what the employee has contributed in a more holistic sense. (CIPD Website, 2010) It could be said that these developments demonstrate a more rounded and fairer approach to measuring individual performance. The CIPD (2010) refer to a members poll, carried out in March 2009 to gauge the effects of the economic crisis on performance management. It is significant to note 92% of the respondents believed there had been an increased level of performance management in general, 88% of the respondents felt that it was necessary to re-evaluate performance measures to replicate the more demanding work environment. With reference to rewarding performance, 63% of respondents felt that it was harder to reward good performance in the current climate and 90% of respondents felt that reward performance should include the use of increased levels of non-financial incentives. (CIPD, 2010) The results from the CIPD members poll clearly demonstrates the continued importance of performance management but it does also highlight that the current economic crisis has and is likely to continue to affect Performance Related Pay. Conclusion It is true that collectivism has declined and individualism has increased but it is not as simple as one approach replacing the other. Collectivism really started to decline in the Thatcher years with the destruction of the trade unions power and the support for individual endeavour in an attempt to improve the UKs economic performance. Thatcher was a great believer in meritocracy and open competition. This lead to the rise of the importance of the individual. Over the years we have seen this develop from being just about Pay to encompassing the wider concept of Reward (e.g. longer holidays, flexible hours, private health, etc). In the early Eighties this type of Reward was the preserve of Managers, but is now applied at many different levels. This has been strengthened in recent years as a result of two key factors: (i) two recessions within the space of 20 years where companies have struggled to find ways to retain and reward skilled employees other than the traditional financial remuneration, (ii) the changing face of the UK industry from manufacturing to services. However, Collectivism still has its place in larger public organisations and some private ones, particularly where it is very difficult to differentiate between the performance of individuals doing exactly the same lightly skilled jobs, and where the going rate for the job is still a valid concept. Although Individualism does dominate, it has itself developed again in the last 15 years where it has moved from pure Performance Related Pay to systems which are more objective in their assessment and also endeavoured to focus on staff improvement and development. Bibliography:- Armstrong, M., and Murliss, H., (1998.4th ed.) Reward Management : A Handbook of Remuneration Strategy and Practice, Kogan Page, pp.1-57 Armstrong, M., and Stephens, T., (2005) Individual contingent pay, in Employee Reward Management and Practice. London, Kogan Page, pp.231-254 BBC News, Retrieved, 2nd January 2011 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3681973.stm, Cornwell website, Retrieved 7th January 2011 from http://www.cornwell.co.uk/people_management/reward_management.asp CIPD (2010) Performance Related Pay Factsheet, Retrieved 10th January 2011 from: http://www.cipd.co.uk/shapingthefuture/_eccrsplrst.htm?IsSrchRes=1 Eurofound website, Retrieved 6th January 2011 from: Edwards, P.,( 2003 ed.) Industrial Relations, Oxford Blackwell Hollinshead, G., Nicholls, P., and Tailby, S., (1999), Pay, in Employee Relations, London: Pitman Publishing, pp.332-377 Kersley, B., Alpin, C., Forth, J., Bryson, A., Bewley, H., Dix,G., And Oxenbridge, S., (2004) Inside the Workplace, First Findings from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey ( WERS 2004) Labour Research Department (September 2000) Performance -related pay failing in the public sector, Publications Online for Amicus members The Guardian (2010), Retrieved on 2nd January 2010 from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/feb/28/economics-conservatives-legacy-housing-election Wright, A., (2007), Through a Glass Darkly: problems and issues in reward, in Porter, C., Bingham, C., and Simmonds, D., (2008), Exploring Human Resource Management, McGraw Hill. London, pp.159-177 Appendix 1 The Decline of Collective Bargaining in the U.K. Membership % of Density % Covered by Collective Bargaining 1979 13 million 59 70 1997 7.8 30.2 33.3 2006 7.6 28.4 35.3 Constructed from data provided through the Workplace Industrial Relations (and Employee Relations) Survey series 1980-2004 and a certification Office report for 2007

Summary

She compares guns to cars saying that we have high her standards when it comes to licensing people to drive than we have for people to own a gun, the cough a car can be considered a lethal weapon. Throwing the quote â€Å"guns don't kill people† out t he window, she makes the argument that many less family feuds would lead to death if only t here hadn't been a gun in the house. She says that the people who study martial arts, who can lit really kill with bare ands, have been through years of training and discipline but that anyone ca n pick up a gun and kill with it.She believes that at the very least people who have guns should be trained, disciplined and have the same restrictions as those in England because, in her view, having a gun is literally the power to kill. She insists that â€Å"gun nuts† have a power hang up a ND that no sane society would allow the use of guns to continue. In her very last, amusing word ads she insists that we ban all guns and get dogs for protection. Summary A Summary on â€Å"Addiction in Free Markets† Bruce k. Alexander who is a professor at Simon Fraser University and Stefa Shaler who is a Freelance Social Worker, describe the beginning of the twenty first century as a time of strain on society and members needs to feel included and not dislocated. A member should feel they are included in a larger community with a sense of belonging, if this psychosocial integration is not met a member could be a candidate of gaining an addiction and this is what Alexander and Shaler are claiming in the writing â€Å"Addictions in Free Markets†If a market is solely controlled on supply and demand it is considered a free market. If a market is free a member is more than likely to feel an inferior sense of belonging due to supply and demand, and if they can keep up with the changes of society. People who cannot accept society’s change are often left dislocated from the other members. Although a market doesn’t have to be free to feel this way it is just more common in a free market.Dislocation from a free market can cause one to feel excluded and this leads to addiction. If a member doesn’t reach a reasonable degree of psychosocial integration they find a substitute lifestyle and consequently gain an addiction to fill the void that they are left with. Addiction can really be anything such as: drugs, alcohol, gambling, and even sex. Alexander and Shaler claim that it is natural for members to blame their problems on addictions and find that people will often do this.Alexander and Shaler believe that in a free market the spread of addiction is from political and spiritual problems. Members refuse to give up hope in believing that a free market will create universal well-being, but Alexander and Shaler question that if a free market doesn’t find a generous source of psychosocial integration they will become even more dislocated which will lead to an increase in addictions.If a society would j ust create a sense of belonging and meaning for the victims of dislocation they might be able to control addictions. Therefore Alexander and Shaler strongly believe that a free market society is the problem, and they need to create a healthier environment for people to live in so there are fewer addictions. They state that a â€Å"healthier society ultimately leads to a healthier economic system as well. † Summary A Summary on â€Å"Addiction in Free Markets† Bruce k. Alexander who is a professor at Simon Fraser University and Stefa Shaler who is a Freelance Social Worker, describe the beginning of the twenty first century as a time of strain on society and members needs to feel included and not dislocated. A member should feel they are included in a larger community with a sense of belonging, if this psychosocial integration is not met a member could be a candidate of gaining an addiction and this is what Alexander and Shaler are claiming in the writing â€Å"Addictions in Free Markets†If a market is solely controlled on supply and demand it is considered a free market. If a market is free a member is more than likely to feel an inferior sense of belonging due to supply and demand, and if they can keep up with the changes of society. People who cannot accept society’s change are often left dislocated from the other members. Although a market doesn’t have to be free to feel this way it is just more common in a free market.Dislocation from a free market can cause one to feel excluded and this leads to addiction. If a member doesn’t reach a reasonable degree of psychosocial integration they find a substitute lifestyle and consequently gain an addiction to fill the void that they are left with. Addiction can really be anything such as: drugs, alcohol, gambling, and even sex. Alexander and Shaler claim that it is natural for members to blame their problems on addictions and find that people will often do this.Alexander and Shaler believe that in a free market the spread of addiction is from political and spiritual problems. Members refuse to give up hope in believing that a free market will create universal well-being, but Alexander and Shaler question that if a free market doesn’t find a generous source of psychosocial integration they will become even more dislocated which will lead to an increase in addictions.If a society would j ust create a sense of belonging and meaning for the victims of dislocation they might be able to control addictions. Therefore Alexander and Shaler strongly believe that a free market society is the problem, and they need to create a healthier environment for people to live in so there are fewer addictions. They state that a â€Å"healthier society ultimately leads to a healthier economic system as well. †

Essay Topics about Al Reviews & Tips

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Periodic Table With Common Ionic Charges

The most-requested printable periodic table has been one for element charges, to predict compounds and chemical reactions. Now, you can use periodic table trends to predict the most common element charges. Group I (alkali metals) carry a 1 charge, Group II (alkaline earths) carry a 2, Group VII (halogens) carry -1, and Group VIII (noble gases) carry a 0 charge. Metal ions may have other charges or oxidation states. For example, copper usually has a 1 or 2 valence, while iron typically has a 2 or 3 oxidation state. The rare earths often carry many different ionic charges. One of the reasons you dont normally see a table with charges is because the organization of the table offers a clue to common charges, plus elements can have just about any charge given enough energy and the right conditions. Even so, heres a table of element charges for readers seeking the most common ionic charges of element atoms. Just keep in mind elements may carry other charges. For example, hydrogen can carry -1 in addition to 1. The octet rule doesnt always apply to ionic charges. In some cases, the charge can exceed 8 or -8! Ive got a  huge collection of printable periodic tables, which include all 118 elements. If you dont find what you need, just let me know and Ill have it made for you!