Russian History 1917 Essays - Asia, European People, Russian Empire

Russian History 1917 Russia has always played a major roll in global politics, economics and thought. However, in the past two centuries, Russia has had probably the greatest influence on the international world in modern times, surpassed only by the United States. The Russia that we've known this century though, has its roots in last centuries Russian. At the end of the nineteenth century, Russia experienced great changes internally, politically, socially and spiritually. The half century leading up to the Communist revolution in 1917 was a time filled with sweeping changes, literary triumphs and military defeat. All of these factors played in the eventual revolution and not only affected politics and thought in Russia, but in every nation on earth. After the defeat of the Russian army in the Crimean War, Russian realized that it needed to modernize its country, socially and militarily. Alexander II realized that to modernize mean that Russia needed to westernize. So in 1861 he emancipated the serfs from bondage. The emancipation was mean to bridge the gap between the elite and the general population, but was not the first of such liberal western type reforms. Catherine and Peter the Great had also made western type reforms during their respective reigns. All of their reforms, and especially Alexander's, were influenced by western thought. These thought were introduced into Russia by its Western European educated ruling class. Under Alexander II, the ruling class began to see serfdom as an immoral part of society. This moral problem was accompanied by the economics of the day, and the ethical conclusion was that serfdom must be dismantled. The abolition of serfdom was Alexander II greatest contribution to history. However, the 'Liberating Czar' enacted a whole series of fundamental changes including; comprehensive reform of the judicial system that finally introduced the unheard of idea of equality, trial by jury, public proceedings in legal matters and the impartiality of the courts. In the end though, none of these reforms really solved any of Russia's social or economic problems, eventually called the 'accursed questions'. These were taken up by the various political groups and writers of the time. The writers however were the most important. To Russians, the writer is not only looked upon as an artist of the word, but also as a guide and teacher in a deeper sense. The writer is supposed to understand life better than ordinary mortals, so it's his duty to impart this knowledge to others in appropriate shape and form. The reign of Alexander II was an age of great literary achievement, the 'Golden Age' of the Russian novel. Almost all of the great works of Russian fiction were produced during this time. The best minds were attracted to the novel, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky and Asakov all produced some of the greatest literary works of all time during this period. All of the writers during this time belonged to a political school of thought, and while some of the schools worked for similar aims, they were all different and each one possessed its own unique ideals. The Slavophiles were probably the oldest of the political schools at the time. The Slavophiles during the reign of Alexander II were of the second generation, and they were the ones to turn the Slavophile myth of old into a real modern political program. This program included the endorsement of the Orthodox religion and a patrimonial monarchy. The Slavophiles believed in the inherent virtue and goodness of the Russian people and culture. A main part of this culture was the ideal of 'sobornost', that is, the communal spirit. The Slavophiles saw this in action in the peasant communes, and believed that communalism in conjunction with Christian communal worship would become the source of Russia's sorely needed moral and cultural regeneration. In accordance with Russia's regeneration, Slavophiles saw the west as corrupt and immoral. They saw Russia's destiny as one in which it would save the west from spiritual decay. Fyodor Dostoevsky was Slavophilisms more down-to-earth and democratic member. He was also the movements' most effective proponent. In his book Discourse on Pushkin, Dostoevsky describes the Slavophile position. The major opponents of the Slavophile position were the western influenced Nihilists. These leftist radicals rejected religion, the authority of

Battle of Pydna in the Third Macedonian War

Battle of Pydna in the Third Macedonian War Battle of Pydna - Conflict Date: The Battle of Pydna is believed to have been fought on June 22, 168 BC and was part of the Third Macedonian War. Armies Commanders: Romans Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus38,000 men Macedonians Perseus of Macedon44,000 men Battle of Pydna - Background: In 171 BC, after several inflammatory acts on the part of King Perseus of Macedon, the Roman Republic declared war. During the conflicts opening days, Rome won a series of minor victories as Perseus refused to commit the bulk of his forces in battle. Later that year, he reversed this trend and defeated the Romans at the Battle of Callicinus. After the Romans refused a peace initiative from Perseus, the war settled into a stalemate as they were unable to find an effective way to invade Macedon. Establishing himself in a strong position near the River Elpeus, Perseus awaited the Romans next move. Battle of Pydna - The Romans Move: In 168 BC, Lucius Aemilius Paullus began moving against Perseus. Recognizing the strength of the Macedonian position, he dispatched 8,350 men under Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica with orders to march towards the coast. A feint intended to mislead Perseus, Scipios men turned south and crossed the mountains in an effort to attack the Macedonian rear. Alerted to this by a Roman deserter, Perseus sent a 12,000-man blocking force under Milo to oppose Scipio. In the battle that followed, Milo was defeated and Perseus was forced to move his army north to the village of Katerini, just south of Pydna. Battle of Pydna - The Armies Form: Reuniting, the Romans pursued the enemy and found them on June 21 formed for battle on a plain near the village. With his men tired from the march, Paullus declined to give battle and made camp in the nearby foothills of Mount Olocrus. The next morning Paullus deployed his men with his two legions in the center and other allied infantry on the flanks. His cavalry was posted on the wings at each end of the line. Perseus formed his men in a similar fashion with his phalanx in the center, light infantry on the flanks, and cavalry on the wings. Perseus personally commanded the cavalry on the right. Battle of Pydna - Perseus Beaten: Around 3:00 PM, the Macedonians advanced. The Romans, unable to cut through the long spears and tight formation of the phalanx, were pushed back. As the battle moved into the uneven terrain of the foothills, the Macedonian formation began to break down allowing the Roman legionaries to exploit the gaps. Surging into the Macedonian lines and fighting at close quarters, the Romans swords proved devastating against the lightly armed phalangites. As the Macedonian formation began to collapse, the Romans pressed their advantage. Paullus center was soon reinforced by troops from the Roman right which had successfully driven off the Macedonian left. Striking hard, the Romans soon put Perseus center to rout. With his men breaking, Perseus elected to flee the field having not committed the bulk of his cavalry. He was later accused of cowardice by those Macedonians who survived the battle. On the field, his elite 3,000-strong Guard fought to the death. All told, the battle lasted less than an hour. Having achieved victory, Roman forces pursued the retreating enemy until nightfall. Battle of Pydna - Aftermath: Like many battles from this period, exact casualties for the Battle of Pydna are not known. Sources indicate that the Macedonians lost around 25,000, while Roman casualties were over 1,000.  The battle is also seen as a triumph of the legions tactical flexibility over the more rigid phalanx. While the Battle of Pydna did not end the Third Macedonian War, it effectively broke the back of Macedonian power. Shortly after the battle, Perseus surrendered to Paulus and was taken to Rome where he was paraded during a triumph before being imprisoned. Following the war, Macedon effectively ceased to exist as an independent nation and the kingdom was dissolved.   It was replaced by four republics which were effectively client states of Rome.   Less than twenty years later, the region would formally become a province of Rome following the Fourth Macedonian War. Selected Sources Third Macedonian WarBattle of PydnaHistory of War: Battle of Pydna

The Tigris River of Ancient Mesopotamia

The Tigris River of Ancient Mesopotamia The Tigris River is one of two main rivers of ancient Mesopotamia, what is today modern Iraq. The name Mesopotamia means the land between two rivers, although perhaps it ought to mean the land between two rivers and a delta. It was the marshy lower ranges of the conjoined rivers that truly served as a cradle for the earliest elements of the Mesopotamian civilization, the Ubaid, in approximately 6500 BCE. Of the two, the Tigris is the river to the east (towards Persia, or modern Iran) while the ​Euphrates lies to the west. The two rivers run more or less parallel for their entire length through the rolling hills of the region. In some cases, the rivers have a rich wide riparian habitat, in others they are confined by a deep valley such as the Tigris as it rolls through Mosul. Together with their tributaries, the Tigris-Euphrates served as the cradle for the latter urban civilizations that evolved in Mesopotamia: the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. At its heyday in the urban periods, the river and its human-constructed hydraulic systems supported some 20 million inhabitants. Geology and the Tigris The Tigris is the second largest river in Western Asia, next to the Euphrates, and it originates near Lake Hazar in eastern Turkey at an elevation of 1,150 meters (3,770 feet). The Tigris is fed from snow which falls annually over the uplands of northern and eastern Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. Today the river forms the Turkish-Syrian border for a length of 32 kilometers (20 miles) before it crosses into Iraq. Only about 44 km (27 mi) of its length flows through Syria. It is fed by several tributaries, and the major ones are the Zab, Diyalah, and Kharun rivers. The Tigris joins the Euphrates near the modern town of Qurna, where the two rivers and the river Kharkah create a massive delta and the river known as Shatt-al-Arab. This conjoined river flows into the Persian Gulf 190 km (118 mi) south of Qurna. The Tigris is 1,180 miles (1,900 km) in length. Irrigation through seven millennia has changed the course of the river. Climate and Mesopotamia There are steep differences between maximum and minimum monthly flows of the rivers, and the Tigris differences are the sharpest, nearly 80 fold over a period of a year. The annual precipitation in the Anatolian and Zagros highlands exceeds 1 meter (39 inches). That fact has been credited with influencing the Assyrian King Sennacherib to develop the worlds first stone masonry water control systems, some 2,700 years ago. Did the variable water flow of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers create the ideal environment for the growth of the Mesopotamian civilization? We can only speculate, but there is no doubt that some of the earliest urban societies blossomed there.   Ancient Cities on the Tigris: Baghdad, Nineveh, Ctesiphon, Seleucia, Lagash, and Basra.Alternate Names: Idigna (Sumerian, meaning running water); Idiklat (Akkadian); Hiddekel (Hebrew); Dijlah (Arabic); Dicle (Turkish). Source Altinbilek D. 2004. Development and management of the Euphrates–Tigris basin. International Journal of Water Resources Development 20(1):15-33.

How the media affects perception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How the media affects perception - Essay Example Television is one of the strongest media that has impacted our lives and the way we think. We cannot get away from the fact that most of our tastes, dressing and most importantly our lifestyle have been deeply influenced by the television through their commercials, soaps, dramas, music, dance and cultural programs. On the flip side, television helps to educate and keep us informed and abreast with all that is taking place in the world through its news channels and its many other educative channels. But yet, besides all its good facets, it has been able to influence our lives in such a way that is difficult to even fathom. One ironic notion is how T.V commercials portray the majority of women as housewives when actually more that 35 to 55 percent of women make up the regular workforce. (Journal of the University Film Association, 1981, pg. 6) Violence portrayed on T.V has had an exceptionally great influence especially on the youth of today who consider it to be the most natural thing. Good examples of this are the Hungerford massacre and the Columbine Killings. Another major factor that has taken its toll on the women of today is dieting. Through their flashy commercials depicting pencil thin figures of women has had a bad influence over the normal woman who thinks she has to become like the models in the commercial and hence goes through a lot of stress and trauma in doing so. As a result she becomes anorexic or bulimic and undergoes a lot of psychological problems. The radio may be a much cheaper way of advertising or getting various ideas or information across but it is rather an effective way to reach a target audience. The radio influences us in many different ways, in that it helps to change our opinion or tastes on things such as music, the buying and using of different products, gauging or forming opinions of different politicians, celebrities etc. This change is brought

Emergency Mnagement 670 Week 4 Conf Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emergency Mnagement 670 Week 4 Conf - Assignment Example ency action plan includes conducting a workplace evaluation which defines how rescuers will react to different types of crisis situations, considering specific worksite plans, operational features and emergency systems (Department of Homeland Security, 2010). Based on this context, various elements of emergency planning can be identified which are described as follows: Policy: An effective emergency management plan includes effective evacuation policies in the time of crisis situations. The policy must therefore address all possible emergency situations, magnitudes of emergencies, mandatory activities, written procedures to deal with the situations and resources available (Canton, 2006). Alertness: Alertness is the second vital element of effective emergency management planning. Alertness denotes the rapidity of changes in behavior to restrict the influence of disaster situations and is considered as a constant cycle of planning, supervising, categorizing, training, assessing and monitoring activities to certify effective direction and improvement of capabilities which further helps to inhibit the consequences of any kind of emergency situation (Department of Homeland Security, 2008). Reaction: Reaction is the other vital element of effective emergency planning. Reaction comprises deployment of essential emergency facilities and initial responders in the disaster zone. It also acts as the basis of emergency planning which empowers effective management of rescue and searching activities (McCreight, 2011). Recovery: Recovery is the other element of effective emergency planning. The objective of recovery in effective emergency planning is to restore the disaster affected zones to facilitate the prosperity of the community. Recovery activities are related with the emergency plans which need to be prepared after recognizing instantaneous necessities which are identified after the crisis. Recovery functions are basically related with activities which include

Cause and effect AID Essay Example for Free

Cause and effect AID Essay There are many factors that cause Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a disease caused by a virus called HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). First of all, HIV is caused by having sex through unprotected sex with a person who has infected by HIV. HIV may be transmitted through unprotected heterosexual or homosexual, vaginal, anal, or oral sex. The main routes of transmission are unprotected vaginal and anal sex. Besides that, one can be infected with HIV through blood transmission. Sharing needles and reusing syringes that contaminated with HIV-infected blood may cause blood transmission from one to another. In most of the cases, this incident occurs when there is sharing and reusing needles among drug users. In addition, HIV may be transmitted if there is use of contaminated surgical instruments or equipments and blood transfusion with infected blood during medical treatment or operation. It could happen when health care workers are involved in needle prick accidents. Moreover, one of the ways to be infected with HIV is through mother-child transmission infection. This is a condition where mothers who are infected by HIV are at risk of giving the disease to their baby during pregnancy and giving birth process. Besides that, HIV transmission can occur during breastfeeding by an infected mother as well which is called vertical transmission. Effects of AIDS AIDS causes damage to the human body in many ways. AIDS reduces the ability of the infected person to fight other diseases. HIV infection causes AIDS as well as a number of health problems. HIV infection affects many organs of the body, including those within the immune, gastrointestinal, mucosal, respiratory and neurological systems. First of all, HIV virus affects the immune system as the virus attacks lymphocytes called T cells. These T cells also called as CD4 are essential for fighting disease causing germs. When CD4 T-cells are infected, the count of T cells eventually decreases in the body of patient, it becomes susceptible to infections. Besides that, HIV infection that caused AIDS also contributes to weight effects. People who infected HIV may lose muscle and fat where they are difficult to regain the weight once they lost their weight. Complete loss of appetite is also one of the symptoms which may cause rapid weight losing or diarrhea which can lead to dehydration. AIDS wasting syndrome is one of the concern for HIV patients where they loss their 10 percent or more of their body weight. Presentation of argument The main reason that causes AIDS is through having unprotected sex. Unprotected sex is a term used to describe anal or vaginal sex without a condom. According to Health Protection Agency, most cases of HIV in the UK are caused by having sexual contact. HIV transmits through unprotected homosexual or heterosexual, vaginal, anal, or even oral sex. HIV moves from a body fluid of infected person into the body and bloodstream of their sexual partner during sexual contact. HIV can be transmitted via delicate and absorbent mucous skin of penis, vagina, lining of rectum and sometimes mouth and throat as well. HIV infection doesn’t occur every time unprotected sex takes place. However, it could happen any time unprotected sex takes place. According to scientists, an infected person will transmit HIV to their partner once in every 900 times they have unprotected sex. Thus, the more people one has unprotected sex with, the more chances HIV infection can passes on. There are different kinds of sexual behaviours according to relative risks. Sexual behaviours such as masturbation, kissing, touching, oral sex on a man with condom or oral sex on a woman with a barrier method may cause HIV infection at a very low risk whereas anal intercourse wand vaginal sex without a condom may cause HIV infection at high risk. It is possible to catch HIV through unprotected oral sex, but the risk is much lower. The risk of HIV transmission through oral sex will be higher if the person giving oral sex has mouth ulcers, sores or bleeding gums and/or if the person receiving oral sex has been recently infected with or another sexually transmitted infection.

Slavery And Its Effect On The Uprising Of A New World Essay -- Slavery

â€Å"Slavery and Its Effect On The Uprising Of A New World† In the 17th century, Africans were taken from their homeland and forced into slavery in the New World. Once there, they were exploited for profit by European settlers. Despite mainstream historical accounts, it was African-Americans who built the foundation of the American economy, which eventually made it a super power. This essay will illustrate how Blacks survived in a hostile, racist environment by specifically looking at the psychological and physical brutality of slavery. The Portuguese were the first to embark upon the slave trade. Africans were snatched from their homeland and sold as slaves to the islands of the Caribbean and the Americas in the early 1500s. A prime area for slaves was on the west coast of African. People inhabiting this land were well known for their skills in agriculture, farming, and mining. Slave traders knew that by capitalizing on the mastery talents of these Africans they could become wealthy in other parts of the world. The Spaniards, the French, and the Dutch soon became part of the slave trade, and because of this, slavery grew to exponential proportions. The typical voyage for slaves taken by European traders started down the south coast of Africa into the Gulf of Guinea. They traded African slaves—human beings—for goods such as cloth, rum, brandy and guns. Then they would start on the second leg of this inhumane excursion. When the desired number of Africans was met, they shipped out to what is now known as the â€Å"Middle Passage†. These ships sailed from Africa across the Atlantic Ocean to one of several ports in the Caribbean and West Indies and slaves were bought and sold to work in sugar plantations. The English sla... ...ere often times forced to stop nursing their own infants at the breast and serve as a wet nurse to the master’s newborn. Regardless of age, picking cotton, more than any other activity, engaged all slaves – from the youngest to the elderly. House servants, too, were not excluded and would be drafted into the picking fields, probably to serve as a reminder of their position and equal status to the other slaves. In summary, the labor of African slaves built the foundation of the thriving economy the people of America, and across the world, reap the benefits of today. The label in our t-shirts and the soft, comfortable sheets we tuck our children in at night should read, â€Å"Made in the USA by AFRICANS†! The blood, sweat, and tears of our ancestors built this country and made it what it is today – one of the largest, if not â€Å"the† largest, super-power in the world.

How does Hamlet deal with the revengers r&amp Essay

Revenge is defined as â€Å"retaliation for an offence or injury†; Hamlet has two main reasons for needing revenge, political and moral. Politically he has to kill Claudius for the offence of denying Hamlet, the heir to the Danish kingdom, his usurped crown. He also has a moral reason, as the â€Å"son of a dear father murdered†(II. ii. 581); he has a duty to extract revenge for the injury; and filially to protect his mother by ridding her of an incestuous and immoral marriage to a murderer. He has no doubt even to himself that he does have this dutiful role to perform,† I know my course† (II. ii. 596). To seek this revenge he would have to kill Claudius and his mother, for they are both guilty of having impure souls. But one of the very first internal conflicts Hamlet has is when the Ghost tells him â€Å"nor let thy soul contrive Against thy mother aught. Leave her to heaven†¦ † (I. iv. 85). This leaves him in great turmoil, as he can justify to himself the killing of Claudius, but not letting his mother live. He is so overcome with a sense of purity and morality, especially with concern to women, it does not seem right to him that something so tainted should be allowed to carry on in the world. He wants his perfect revenge, one that would satisfy his meticulously accomplished conscience, but he can not carry it out, so instead he declines it altogether, or at least puts it off in stages, until he can prove it to himself and can put it off no longer. He is willing to taint his own soul and so go to hell and enter a damnation possibly even worse than that in which the Ghost resides, which he tells Hamlet just to know about would, â€Å"harrow up thy soul, freeze thy young blood, make thy two eyes like stars start from their spheres, thy knotted and combini d locks to part, and each particular hair to stand on end like quills upon the fretful porpentine† (I. iv. 16). Yet he is willing to suffer all this for the sake of revenge in killing Claudius, to avenge his father, so to save his mother, to â€Å"leave her to heaven† (I. v. 86), when even he is not allowed this blessing. What he is giving up to be the dutiful son and revenge his fathers murder in comparison to what Gertrude is giving up leaves his worse off than her, even though she has been an adulterous wife. Therefore her being allowed to live on in sin is as wrong not only on her part, but also on Hamlets for allowing it to be. Hamlet knows what he is sacrificing of himself, his immortal soul, if he is to take on the revengers’ ri le. It is a heavy burden to carry, and not one that he is willing to undertake lightly, so he wants to be absolutely certain of Claudius guilt before taking action. For as certain as he is of the course of action that must be taken, the truth of the Ghosts words must be ascertained, for when Hamlet converses with him he does not know for certain if it is â€Å"a spirit of health or goblin damned, bring with thee airs from heaven or blasts from hell, be thy intents wicked or charitable† (I. iv. 40). So to affirm the facts for himself, Hamlet has the players perform the play and watches for Claudius’s reaction to his own murderous and incestuous actions being acted out before him. For Hamlet this is supposed to be a resolution, a confirmation of his suspicions before he can act, a catalyst to spur him on depending on the success of his experiment. Hamlet becomes angry and disgusted with himself; he can’t understand his own lack of passion, even after proving to himself that Claudius is guilty. He is very aware of himself not crying in the rehearsal of the play, when the players are moved to tears over the story of the â€Å"rousid vengeance† (II. ii. 486) of Pyrrhus, Priam and Hecuba. As soon as he is alone, he bursts out â€Å"O, what a rogue and peasant slave am I! Is it not monstrous that this player here, But in a fiction, in a dream of passion, Could force his soul so to his own conceit That from her working all his visage waned, Tears in his eyes, distraction in his aspect†¦. And all for nothing† He feels miserable at his deficit, he is forced to compare himself and he comes of he worse. † What would he do had he the motive and the cue for passion that I have? †¦ Make mad the guilty and appal the free†. He again feels this lack of justified fervour when young Fortinbras goes to battle to fight and possibly to die for a land that is acknowledged to be not worth the sacrifice â€Å"we go to gain a little patch of ground that hath in it no profit but the name† (IV. iv. 18). This is again someone showing emotion and action when there is not as much reason to do so as there is for Hamlet. When he is alone he sees what Fortinbras has done as being honourable and a rebuke of his own inaction, whereas before when talking to Fortinbras’ captain, he had been cynical as to the actions they were carrying out. He analyses himself as â€Å"thinking too precisely on th’event – A thought which, quartered, hath but one part wisdom and ever three parts coward† (IV. iv. 41). He sees his need to think things through before acting as a deplorable weakness. Even he can see hat he is being weak minded and indecisive. But even when convinced he can’t kill his uncle deliberately, in a rage he thinks he has killed him, but it was just Polonius. Having proved Claudius’ guilt, Hamlet now has to act, and yet does not act straight away, but postpones it, indicating that there are also other deeper subconscious reasons that could affect him. The death of his father at the beginning of the play and the hasty incestuous marriage of his mother upset him greatly and have led to his obsessions with death, decay, sin the body and its parts and with women, purity and the defiling of them. We can see this from speeches such as, â€Å"O that this too too sullied flesh would melt†¦ Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His cannon ‘gainst self-slaughter. † (I. ii. 129) â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman. † (I. ii. 146) â€Å"For if the sun breed maggots in a dead dog, being a good kissing carrion – have you a daughter? † (II. ii. 181) â€Å"Or in that sleep of death what dreams may come, When we have shuffled off this mortal coil† in which Hamlet is clearly fixed on purity, women, death and suicide. Claudius being a murder and committing incest and yet still having the crown of Denmark and outwardly appearing to be just, honourable and a good leader (quote? ) could explain why Hamlet often confuses the order of society in his speeches. This can be seen when he calls himself a â€Å"rogue and peasant slave† (II. ii.547) when he clearly isn’t, or when he calls himself â€Å"unpregnant† and likens himself to a â€Å"whore† in the same soliloquy, when he obviously is not. To Hamlet, Claudius is tainted and impure in mind and action, yet he is a good ruler of Denmark, a good king, and a good diplomat. He is efficient, confident, in control of affairs, in every way assured and poised. Hamlet identifies with Claudius in a way that restrains him from being able to kill him, hamlet has all the ability and the necessary desire, but Claudius has everything Hamlet wants, which leads to internal sub-conscious conflict on as well as his conscious conflicts. His mother’s ability to alter the direction of her affection from one person to another so suddenly hurts Hamlet, as having to share her with his own father was difficult enough, but at least was understandable. He is now jealous that someone else holds such high regard in her affections but at the same time is disgusted with her for loving someone else. But as his jealousy is repressed, as he doesn’t even admit to himself that he is jealous of his mother’s lovers, all he feels is a deep sense of disgust towards Gertrude that helps him deal with his rejection. Hamlet could be suffering from the theory that Freud developed, the Oedipus theory. This states that as children, young boys feel great bitterness and resentment towards their fathers for making them share their mothers affections and for having sexual relations with their mothers which the young boys also desire, and so they view their fathers as rivals that they would rather have out of the way. These thoughts are repressed as a form of defence for fear that their fathers will realise what they are thinking. To compensate for this they resolve the complex by over identifying with their fathers and adopting many of their fathers’ attitudes. This could be used to explain Hamlet’s impediment and self-frustration towards his revenge. He tries to carry out the task, but he is held back in some way, because he cannot kill a person who he recognises as so like himself in what he wants to be like and wishes he could do. His desires towards his mother have been so long repressed that they are now repulsive to him, but yet her remarrying brings those thoughts to his attention. He sees someone taking the place of his father in her affections, the place that he has long coveted. The nature of this usurper, a relative, makes the link between the two even more incestuous in Hamlet’s mind and even more connected towards him. This, coupled with the fact that Claudius is able to gain his mother’s affection by killing old Hamlet, ridding him, once again something that Hamlet has long wanted to do but repressed from himself, hinders Hamlet greatly from carrying out his revenge. When Hamlet discovers the identity of his father’s murderer his first instant reply is â€Å"O my prophetic soul! My uncle? † (I. v. 40). This does imply that unconsciously the idea had been in his mind and had suddenly been brought back to his awareness.

The Biogas Production Worldwide Environmental Sciences Essay

Energy is a necessary accompaniment of human being. Basically, there exist assorted beginnings of energy like coal and other crude oil merchandises that are commercially exploited for many utile grounds. These fossil fuels have become a strong pillar of the economic system and it has penetrated so deep in the mechanism of human life that it has become about impossible to believe of a universe running without fossil fuel. Yet it is a fact that this beginning of energy will non last everlastingly. Once, fossil fuels were available copiously and at low monetary values. However, nowadays its monetary value is high rocketing on the international market and it is besides going really scarce. The immediate consequence of this is that the universe is confronting the phenomena of rising prices and lifting monetary values. Furthermore, today there is an energy crisis that has arisen due to the fright that the blessings of fossil fuel may turn into a curse with its disappearing. In add-on, the combustion of fossil fuels releases C dioxide and other toxic gases in the ambiance and a direct effect of this is planetary heating.1.1 BackgroundEnergy and energy resources can be known to be the anchor for endurance on Earth. Peoples are to a great extent dependent on assorted energy beginnings like coal or fossil fuels so as to run into up with their day-to-day needs whether it is in the power sector, the transit sector or for cookery and warming intents and about 88 % of this demand is met by fossil fuels ( Peter Weiland, 2009 ) . It is predicted that the usage of dodo dodos will come near to exceling oil ingestion by 2017 ( IEA, 2012 ) . On the other manus, nursery gases ( GHGs ) emanations in the environment are besides increasing quickly, with C dioxide being the highest subscriber. Another planetary energy challenge is the depletion of fossil fuels. Due to the increasing demand, the handiness of the fuel is diminishing. In add-on, conventional oil and gas militias are large ly found in politically unstable states, doing its easiness of usage less accessible. In this context, biogas can be derived from wastes, carnal manure or energy harvests so as to run into with the increasing energy demand in the hereafter. Biogas can be defined as a versatile renewable energy beginning which can replace fossil fuels in the power and heat production sector and in the transit sector. It has the capacity to replace natural gas besides for bring forthing chemicals and liquefied crude oil gas for cooking intents. Table.1: comparing of heat values and efficiency of normally used fuels with biogas ( Nabard, 2007 ) Normally used fuels Calorific values in kg Calories Thermal efficiency Biogas 4713/M3 60 % Firewood 2093/kg 11 % Diesel 10550/kg 66 % Kerosene 10850/kg 50 % Gasoline 11100/kg–Biogas production through anaerobiotic digestion ( AD ) procedure has many advantages over other bioenergy signifiers. It is one of the most energy- efficient and environmentally friendly bioenergy engineerings. It non merely reduces the emanation of nursery gases drastically compared to fossil fuels, but it besides produces high class fertiliser as by- merchandise.1.1.1 Biogas production worldwideIn the field of biogas, Germany has built itself a universe top taking place. In 2006, it built 826 biogas systems to a sum increased production unit of 3700, hence doing Germany the figure one biogas- based energy manufacturer ( Energy solutions, 2012 ) . Figure.1: assorted substrates available in Germany holding the possible energy accumulated for biogas production ( Baltic Biogas Bus Project, 2012 ) The worldaa‚Â ¬a„?s biogas market is predicted to make $ 8.98 billion by the twelvemonth 2017, with the desire to cut down dependence on fossil fuels and to concentrate on eco- friendliness biogas plans ( GIA, 2012 ) . Latin America is besides good known for its biogas engineering in municipal natural sewerage intervention and landfill gas engineering. It has identified 25 types of wastes for biogas production. The state has 33 R & A ; D undertakings and since 1977, five undertakings have already been implemented to bring forth biogas from healthful landfills. Latin America produces about 217 million M3 per twelvemonth which is largely used for cookery, illuming, vehicle fuel and town gas. ( H.Naveau, 1993 ) Furthermore, the biogas market has grown quickly in the recent old ages for the cogeneration of heat and power and for the production of bio- methane to be used as vehicle fuel. In the European Union ( EU ) , 17 % of all the energy will hold to be produced from renewable beginnings, and in the conveyance sector it has to make 10 % of the entire harmonizing to the European Directive 2009/28/EC, therefore doing biogas the feasible solution to make this mark. The grounds for holding a spread out on the biogas energy market includes an addition in demand for distributed coevals, terrible environmental regulations originating due to tonss of pollution and an accelerating addition in substructure and vehicle build out accommodating with natural gas. Harmonizing to Pike Research, this fast- turning market reached $ 17.3 billion in planetary gross in 2011, and this will about duplicate by 2022 to an sum of $ 33.1 billion ( Globe- Internet, 2012 ) . biogas_640x383.jpg Figure 1. : Biogas market value by parts ( Pike Research, 2012 )1.1.2 Energy sector in MauritiusMauritius is an island holding no oil, coal militias or natural gas. It is to a great extent dependent on imported energy resources. The Ministry of Renewable Energy and Public Utilities ( MPU ) is responsible for the energy policy including energy, H2O and effluent in the island. The Central Board of Electricity ( CEB ) occupies the coevals, transmittal, distribution and sale of electricity and the State Trading Corporation ( STC ) import crude oil merchandises like gasoil, fuel oil and LPG. With the addition in criterion of life, industrialisation, population growing and more development in the transit sector, the energy demand is mounting at an exponential rate in Mauritius. We are going an energy dependent society and as per the graph below, the exportation of gas oil will be more than doubled by the twelvemonth 2025. Table 1. : Imports of energy beginnings in Mauritius in 2011 ( Energy and H2O statistics, 2011 ) Energy beginning 2011 ( Ktoe ) Gasoline 126.0 Diesel oil 313.0 Kerosene 4.5 LPG 71.6 Coal 409.3 Figure1.3: Prognosis of petroleumn merchandise imports in Mauritius ( Outline Energy Policy, 2007 ) Furthermore, with the depletion of the energy beginnings, the monetary value of the fuel are augmenting, therefore doing it more hard to afford. Hence, to avoid an energy crisis in the hereafter, other signifiers of energy resources need to be exploited which is environmentally friendly and has an infinite modesty. Figure 1.4: Tendency in monetary value of exported fuel from 2002 to 2011 ( Energy and H2O statistics, 2011 ) The figures above demonstrate how Mauritius depends greatly onto dodo fuels, and this tendency is traveling to increase in the old ages to come. Hence, new options need to be found so as to fit with this increasing demand. However, the surrogate options should be in line with the Maurice Ile Durable ( MID ) construct ; a renewable and environmentally friendly beginning. In each and every place in the Mauritanian society, one makes usage of LPG for cooking intents. The existent monetary value of the gas cylinder is Rs540. If the authorities maintains the monetary value at Rs330 for consumers, the STC will hold to look for Rs 820 million for subsidy. This is due to the increasing monetary value of butane and propane in the planetary market. Hence, to rectify this, cooking gas can be obtained locally from anaerobiotic digestion of organic waste to bring forth biogas. It fits in the MID, whereby harmonizing to Pr de Rosnay, 37 % of electricity will come from biomass/biogas by 2028.1.2 RationaleIn Mauritius, we are already a dodo fuel dependent society. Hence, to cut down this job of dependence on the already consuming resource, we can concentrate on the usage of biogas at our place itself. Furthermore, with the construct of the MID, we are following a renewable energy beginning, which in the class of clip can spread out to the production of electricity. Besides, we already have the job of overfilling of our landfill at Mare- Chicose. Thus, by utilizing our family organic waste, we non merely bring forth utile cookery gas, but we besides has as by- merchandise a high class fertiliser and we are relieving the job of our landfill. In add-on, by change overing the gas into methane to be used for cookery intents, big sums of C dioxide are non emitted in the environment, therefore protecting our planet from planetary heating. And besides, we are flinging much of the waste from the environing into utile merchandises. Last, with the enlargement of the biogas energy system in our state, more occupations can be created in the field of energy, whereby Mauritius can subsequently be self- sufficient in the production of cooking gas and finally in the production of electricity, therefore cut downing on imports.1.3 Purposes and AimsThe purpose of this undertaking is to bring forth an improved biogas system that can be adopted in a family for cooking intents along with implementing its safety processes. To accomplish this, the aims identified are: To hold an apprehension of the operation of the procedure to bring forth equal biogas for cookery. To better the biogas system by modifying the old set- up To optimise the system by concentrating on: Design of the system Ratio of substrate to be used Conditionss to see to prefer biogas production To modify a cookery range so as it can run on biogas. To do research lab proving to find the methane composing in the biogas and the warming value. To analyze the hazards and safety procedures associated with the digester and to implement it. To do an appraisal of the sum of gas produced for cookery intents1.4 Structure of studyChapter one- IntroductionThis chapter introduces the undertaking rubric and gives an overview of energy tendency in Mauritius and worldwide and the purpose and aims of the undertaking.Chapter Two- Literature ReviewThe types of anaerobiotic digestion procedure to bring forth biogas and the factors impacting the procedure are discussed, along with the production of biogas in the island. Besides, the safety and hazards associated with the system are identified.Chapter Three- MethodologyThe methods undertaken to build the reactor and analytical testing of the provender and merchandise of the biogas system are considered.Chapter Four- Design and ConstructionThe stuffs of building and cost analysis are assessed.Chapter Five- Results and DiscussionsThe economic analysis and findings from analytical trials are observed and discussed.Chapter Six- Safety ImplementationThe safety safeguards that need to be ap plied to the biogas system are discussed.Chapter Seven- Conclusion, Recommendation, Future worksA sum-up of the purposes of the undertaking is made and some recommendations and future work are mentioned for betterments.

Arrhythmia essays

Arrhythmia essays I am doing my report on Arrhythmia. It affects the cardiac muscle, the heart. Arrhythmia causes three types of problems. It causes the heart to pump too slowly (bradycardia), it causes the heart to pump too fast (tachycardis), and it causes the heart to skip beats Bradycardia can be very serious. Some of the symptoms are loss of consciousness, heart failure, or death. Slow heart rates are caused by heart block. The hearts natural pace-maker fails to be conducted to the ventricles, the hearts main pumping chambers. Some treatments can be used. An electronic pace-maker can be inserted and it will send electronic impulse to the heart stimulating it to beat at a normal rhythm. Pace-makers are only inserted when the Tachycardis can also be very serious. It can lead to disabling symptoms and even death. When you have Tachycardis your heart rate is above 100 beats per minute. Tachycardis is caused by heart injuries from past times. Tachycardis usually occurs months or years after a heart attack. A treatment for Tachycardis can be inserting a device called a defibrillator. A defibrillator will detect and treat abnormally fast heart rhythms. The defibrillator monitors the heart and automatically gives electric shocks before Arrhythmia causes permanent damage. If the person does not have a defibrillator a strong electric shock will be given. The cause of Tachycardis is by something not functioning properly in the atria. They are sometimes stimulated by anxiety. Too much caffeine or alcohol and certain drugs can also be the cause. Attacks might last a few minutes or several days. They can be serious and sometimes not serious. Palpitations happen when your heart skips beats. Palpitations have many different symptoms. Some of these symptoms are dizziness, fatigue or fainting as a result of the brain not getting ...

Dokdo Islands are Korean Property

Dokdo Islands are Korean Property The Dokdo Islands have been administered by South Korea since 1954, and yet Japan still claims that the Dokdo Islands are theirs. What Is an Expository Essay? An  expository essay  is a type of written discourse that serves the purpose of explaining, describing and providing information to the reader. This is a simple expository essay definition. Expository essays can also be fairly accurately termed ‘information’ or ‘informative’ essays. 50 MOST POPULAR EXPOSITORY ESSAY TOPICS If you are looking for expository essay examples here is a great one below Expository Essay Example: Dokdo Islands Are Korean  Property The Dokdo Islands have been administered by South Korea since 1954, and yet Japan still claims that the Dokdo Islands are theirs. South Korea is still trying to claim that the Dokdo Islands are theirs and theirs alone as well, and the two nations have been fighting for the right to the islands for more than fifty years. Both countries keep trying to dig back into their respective histories in order to find historic land claims that will validate their present ownership of the islands. However, the Dokdo Islands belong to South Korea. For the sake of international relations, Japan should respect that. Their Word Against Theirs The strategy of both South Korea and Japan in many cases has been to try going back as far into their respective histories as possible to find evidence of their historic claims to the Dokdo Islands. These two nations have literally gone back to the seventeenth century in order to find what theyre looking for, and they have still failed to produce the historical artifacts that will painlessly resolve the situation. Essentially, when it comes to sheer historical documents that will conclusively prove which country is the rightful owner, both of these countries are more or less even. After decades of trying, they havent been able to succeed through the use of the legal argument. There is no reason to believe that they should succeed now. Doing what is best for the international community makes sense, and keeping this terrible land dispute going is certainly not helping anyone. Focusing on Present Land Claims Even if Japan could find such a document, it should not give them any power over the land in the twenty-first century. South Korea has been handling this land since the mid-twentieth century, and its theirs. Different groups have occupied and controlled different land areas for a long time. The distribution of world nations and world politics was completely different in the seventeenth century. Going that far back in order to get land claims means distorting the current world order. South Korea has been controlling the land for decades in modern times  and should continue to do so. The few government workers and residents of the islands are all South Korean. In so much as the islands even can belong to anyone, they belong to South Korea. Japans History of Imperialism Korea is a country that has been torn apart by imperialistic powers for a long time. Japan is one of those imperialistic powers. While the modern nation of Japan has usually become a much more peaceful nation, the incident with the Dokdo Islands seems to suggest that Japan still has not entirely recovered from its violent imperialistic past. Many Japanese conservatives still fail to acknowledge the violent and relatively recent chapter in Japanese history, and modern Japanese people have a responsibility to show the rest of the world that their nation is different now. South Korea and Japan have both failed to find evidence of historic land claims that will completely clear up the situation, and they probably never will. These have always been disputed territories and dragging the past into it just sustains the controversy. When it comes to settling land claims, the distant past shouldnt matter. The needs of people today should matter. In the context of the needs of people today, South Korea should have the Dokdo Islands. Japan should not be able to invalidate everything that has happened to them for decades as a result of a dusty land claim from four hundred years ago, which Japan still cannot find. Japan was fighting to control the Dokdo Islands in the mid-twentieth century, shortly after Japan lost World War Two and should have been fully making amends for its horrific actions during the war. Japans actions now are insensitive, given the history of these islands, and the fact that Japan keeps on pursuing them anyway suggests that its modern cons ervative population may not have learned anything from the past. If you are looking for an excellent expository essay that will be written according to your requirements, will contain proper formatting, language, and structure, feel free to contact our writing staff and  place your order  with us. We have written hundreds of expository papers in the past and have developed extensive expertise in expository essay writing.

Living with a long term condition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Living with a long term condition - Essay Example She was doing well under the care of her daughter, but after two years at home, many of her symptoms recurred including her hallucinations, paranoia, delusions of grandeur; she was also manifesting disorganized speech and thought processes. She was hearing voices and was often heard talking to her hallucinations; she also insisted she was a Queen and must be treated as such; and she was easily distracted and had trouble organizing her thoughts. She was also refusing to take her medications. After appropriate evaluation, she was admitted to the mental health unit. I met the patient after being assigned to her care as a mental health nurse. In evaluating her condition, she has been schizophrenic for six years now with her symptoms being manageable for the better part of four years, but due to an untoward incident – the death of her husband, her symptoms have become unmanageable again. Angela is now 56 years old, has had two grown children, and has been recently widowed. She has worked as a school teacher up to the time when her initial symptoms manifested. She has since opted for early retirement due to her condition. When she was brought home after four years in the mental institution, she has had a limited social history. She has opted to not engage in any social interactions because she felt ashamed of her condition. Her family members have remained supportive of her and they have done their best to maintain social interactions with her. Within the mental health unit, she is a shy and socially awkward person. At times, she can also be gregarious with other people, especially when her delusions of grandeur are manifesting. However, she also tends to be suspicious of everyone including the health staff and the patients. This makes her resistant to interactions and to the medical interventions which the health staff are administering. Long term conditions are those conditions which basically require prolonged medical care (London Health Observatory, 2011). The World Health Organization (Department of Health, 2005) describes that long-term conditions or chronic conditions are health issues which call for continuous care over a period of years or even decades. It includes conditions like cancer, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, hypertension, and mental disorders including schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer’s disease (London Health Observatory, 2011). The patient’s mental illness is considered a long-term condition because it would require continuous management. In short, it is a life-long disease which would require constant supervision and treatment. The patient would have to take medications for the rest of her life to manage her symptoms and she would have to be monitored in order to ensure that her symptoms would not endanger her life and the life of other people. 2. PLANNING THE CARE a. What interventions were planned – what is the evidence based for this? Interventions which were planned primarily included the administr ation of antipsychotic medications. The management of schizophrenia most often includes antipsychotic medications (Brown University, 2012). The patient was to be placed on Risperidone (Risperdal) which is an atypical antipsychotic. Risperidone is currently preferred as an antipsychotic because it does not cause agranulocytosis, which is commonly seen in clozapine, another antipsychotic (National Institute of Mental Health, 2012). Risperidone however can increase a patient’s risk to diabetes and hypercholestolemia; as a result, regular monitoring of the